Name one long-term effect of heavy alcohol consumption.

Liver cirrhosis is a long-term effect of heavy alcohol consumption due to the liver being heavily impacted by the toxic effects of alcohol over time. When alcohol is consumed in excess, it can lead to inflammation and fatty buildup in the liver, ultimately causing scarring (cirrhosis). This condition severely impairs the liver's ability to function properly, leading to complications such as liver failure, increased risk of liver cancer, and other serious health issues.

The other options, while they may occur as a result of alcohol use, are typically not classified as long-term effects. Headaches can be a short-term effect, often related to acute intoxication, while fatigue can result from short-term drinking or withdrawal. Short-term memory loss can occur in the context of binge drinking or related to alcohol intoxication but does not represent the chronic damage associated with long-term consumption that liver cirrhosis does. Therefore, liver cirrhosis is a clear and critical consequence of long-term heavy drinking.