What causes the euphoria experienced under the influence of cocaine?

The euphoria experienced under the influence of cocaine is primarily due to the buildup of neurotransmitters in the brain, particularly dopamine. Cocaine works by blocking the reuptake of dopamine in the synaptic cleft, which prevents it from being taken back into the presynaptic neuron after it has been released. This leads to an accumulation of dopamine, enhancing its effects on the brain's reward pathways and producing feelings of euphoria and pleasure.

When cocaine is used, this increased concentration of neurotransmitters like dopamine actively stimulates the brain's reward system, leading to increased feelings of happiness and satisfaction. The pleasurable effects contribute to its high potential for addiction, as users may seek to recreate this euphoric state.

In contrast, while endorphins play a role in the body's natural pain relief and can also contribute to feelings of well-being, they are not specifically responsible for the euphoria associated with cocaine use. Similarly, adrenaline's release primarily pertains more to the fight-or-flight response and does not account for the sustained euphoria. An increase in basal metabolic rate describes changes in the body’s energy expenditure but does not directly result in euphoric feelings, as it does not directly impact neurotransmitter levels.