Which of the following levels was NOT proposed by Abraham Maslow in his Hierarchy of Needs?

The correct choice is the one that identifies a level not included in Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs. Maslow's theory is typically presented as a pyramid with five distinct levels of needs. These are:

1. Physiological needs (or basic needs) which include essentials for survival such as food, water, and shelter.
2. Safety needs focusing on security, stability, and protection.

3. Love and belongingness needs encompassing relationships with others and social connections.
4. Esteem needs related to self-esteem and recognition from others, which contribute to an individual’s sense of accomplishment and value.
5. Self-actualization, where individuals seek personal growth and fulfillment.

The idea of "recreational needs" is not a specific category outlined in Maslow's framework. While recreation can be related to self-actualization or social interactions, it does not represent an independent level within the hierarchy. By understanding the established levels proposed by Maslow, it becomes clear that "recreational needs" does not fit into his model as a distinct category. Thus, the identification of this option highlights the importance of grasping the essential structure of Maslow's needs.